| 烟草米根霉对6种杀菌剂的敏感性及菌株保存条件筛选 |
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投稿时间：2019-01-16
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| 引用本文：蔡刘体,汪汉成,陈乾丽,等.烟草米根霉对6种杀菌剂的敏感性及菌株保存条件筛选[J].农药学学报,2019,21(4):431-436. |
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| 基金项目:贵州省科技支撑计划（黔科合支撑[2018]2356）；贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司科技项目（201703）；贵州省科技厅优秀青年人才培养计划（黔科合平台人才[2017]5619）；中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目（201711，201714） |
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| 中文摘要:采用孢子萌发法测定了烟草上米根霉Rhizopus oryzae对6种杀菌剂（代森锰锌、多菌灵、嘧霉胺、嘧菌酯、啶酰菌胺及氟啶胺）的敏感性，并就其适宜的保存条件进行了筛选，同时采用离体叶片法测定了上述6种杀菌剂对烟叶霉烂病的防治效果。结果表明：6种杀菌剂对米根霉孢子萌发和烟叶霉烂病均表现出了不同的抑制活性。其中，抑制孢子萌发活性最为明显的是氟啶胺和啶酰菌胺，其EC90值分别为0.67 和1.53 mg/L；其次为代森锰锌和嘧菌酯，15.16和17.66 mg/L；最弱为嘧霉胺和多菌灵，71.87和81.96 mg/L。对烟叶霉烂病防效最好的为嘧菌酯，50 mg/L处理的防效为85%；其次为啶酰菌胺，200 mg/L处理时防效为83%；氟啶胺的防效较差，1 000 mg/L处理时仅为48%；而代森锰锌、多菌灵和嘧霉胺在最高使用剂量（分别为4 000、800和800 mg/L）时防效均低于20%。病原菌保存方法筛选结果表明，保存后米根霉的孢子萌发率均发生了不同程度降低。其中，4 ℃保存于20%甘油组的孢子悬浮液萌发率为60%；4 ℃保存的孢子干样萌发率为36%；4 ℃保存的孢子悬浮液和 -20 ℃保存于20%甘油的孢子悬浮液萌发率均低于20%；20 ℃保存的孢子干样萌发率为11%；-20 ℃保存的孢子悬浮液萌发率为6%。研究结果可为烘烤期烟叶霉烂病防治和米根霉孢子的保存提供参考依据。 |
| 中文关键词:烟叶霉烂病 米根霉 杀菌剂 嘧菌酯 啶酰菌胺 敏感性 |
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| Sensitivity of Rhizopus oryzae to six fungicides and the screening of its preservation conditions |
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| Abstract:The sensitivity of Rhizopus oryzae to six fungicides (mancozeb, carbendazim, pyrimethanil, azoxystrobin, boscalid, fluazinam) and the preservation conditions of this pathogen were determined using the conidia germination method. Efficacy of these fungicides against tobacco pole rot disease was also evaluated on the detached leaves. Results showed that all the six fungicides presented different inhibitory activities against both conidia germination and pole rot. For the conidia germination, the highest inhibitions were found in the cases with fluazinam and boscalid, with EC90 values of 0.67 mg/L and 1.53 mg/L, respectively. Lower inhibition rates were detected in the cases with mancozeb and azoxystrobin (15.16 and 17.66 mg/L). And the lowest inhibition rates were observed in the cases with pyrimethanil and carbendazim (71.87 and 81.96 mg/L). For the disease control efficacy, the highest inhibition rate was observed in the group treated by azoxystrobin at 50 mg/L with the efficacy of 85%. Lower inhibition rate was detected after the boscalid treatment, which showed 83% efficacy at 200 mg/L, while a poor inhibition rate (48%) was observed by fluazinam treatment at the concentration of 1 000 mg/L. And mancozeb, carbendazim, pyrimethanil all exhibited efficacy of < 20% at their respectively highest dosages of 4 000, 800 and 800 mg/L. The screening results of six different pathogen preservation conditions showed that conidia germination ratio of R. oryzae decreased variously by using different methods. The conidia germination ratio of the conidial suspension in 20% glycerol was 60% at 4℃, and, for dry conidia samples, that was 36% at 4℃. In terms of the conidial suspension stored at 4℃ and the conidial suspension stored at -20℃, the germination ratios in 20% glycerol were both < 20%. With regard to the dry conidia samples stored at -20℃, the conidia germination ratio was 11%, and, for the conidial suspension stored at -20℃, that was 6%. Results of this study have provided reference and basis for both the chemical control of tobacco pole rot and the storage of R. oryzae. |
| Key words:tobacco pole rot Rhizopus oryzae fungicide azoxystrobin boscalid sensitivity |
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